Painkiller without opioid risks shows potential in animal trials

Editor's Note

An experimental compound developed at Duke University School of Medicine provides strong pain relief without the side effects or addiction potential of opioids, according to a May 19 announcement from the university. Known as SBI-810, the drug targets a specific receptor in the nervous system and uses a selective mechanism to avoid harmful downstream effects.

As detailed in the announcement, SBI-810 activates neurotensin receptor 1 using a technique called biased agonism. This approach triggers the β-arrestin-2 pathway associated with pain relief while avoiding other signaling routes that contribute to side effects such as sedation, constipation, or addiction. The receptor is expressed on sensory neurons and in the brain and spinal cord, making it a promising target for both acute and chronic pain.

In mouse studies, SBI-810 reduced pain from surgical incisions, bone fractures, and nerve injuries, the university reports. The compound decreased spontaneous pain behaviors such as guarding and facial grimacing. Compared to oliceridine, a newer opioid used in hospitals, SBI-810 produced fewer behavioral signs of distress in some scenarios.

SBI-810 also outperformed gabapentin, a common drug used for nerve pain. It did not cause sedation or memory impairment, two common side effects of gabapentin, and it relieved pain more effectively in several animal models. As detailed in the announcement, SBI810 is unlike traditional opioids in that it did not lead to tolerance after repeated use, potentially reducing the risk of dose escalation.

The compound also improved the effectiveness of opioids at lower doses when used in combination and avoided typical opioid-associated side effects like constipation. According to Duke researchers, SBI-810 acts on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which may help balance effectiveness with risk.

SBI-810 remains in early development, but Duke has reportedly secured multiple patents and intends to pursue human trials. The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense.