Further reading on artificial intelligence

Accenture. Artificial intelligence: Healthcare’s new nervous system. 2018. https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-artificial-intelligence-healthcare

Allied Market Research. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Market by Offering (Hardware, Software, and Services), Algorithm (Deep Learning, Querying Method, Natural Language Processing, and Context Aware Processing), Application (Robot-assisted Surgery, Virtual Nursing Assistant, Administrative Workflow Assistance, Fraud Detection, Dosage Error Reduction, Clinical Trial Participant Identifier, Preliminary Diagnosis, and Others), and End User (Healthcare Provider, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Company, Patient, and Payer)—Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2017-2023. 2018. https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare-market

Bahl M, Barzilay R, Yedidia A B, et al. High-risk breast lesions: A machine learning model to predict pathologic upgrade and reduce unnecessary surgical excision. Radiology. 2017;286(3):810-818.

Bernal N P, Castro J M, Burton K, et al. Accurate measurement of intraoperative blood loss during wound excision leads to more appropriate transfusion and reduced blood utilization. J Anesth Clin Res. 2017;8(11). Published online November 30, 2017. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/accurate-measurement-of-intraoperative-blood-loss-during-wound-excision-leads-to-more-appropriate-transfusion-and-reduced-blood-ut-2155-6148-1000783-95838.html

Bollier D. Artificial intelligence, the great disrupter, coming to terms with AI-driven markets, governance and life. A report on the second annual Aspen Institute roundtable on artificial intelligence. 2018. http://csreports.aspeninstitute.org/documents/AI2017.pdf

Bonrath E M, Gordon L E, Grantcharov T P. Characterising ‘near miss’ events in complex laparoscopic surgery through video analysis. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(8):516-521.

Char D S, Shah N H, Magnus D. Implementing machine learning in health care—addressing ethical challenges. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(11):981-983.

Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland Clinic unveils top 10 medical innovations for 2019. 2018. https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2018/10/24/cleveland-clinic-unveils-top-10-medical-innovations-for-2019/

European Commission. 2018 reform of EU data protection rules. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/priorities/justice-and-fundamental-rights/data-protection/2018-reform-eu-data-protection-rules_en

EY. Life Sciences 4.0: Securing value through data-driven platforms. 2018. https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-when-the-human-body-is-the-biggest-data-platform-who-will-capture-value/%24FILE/ey-when-the-human-body-is-the-biggest-data-platform-who-will-capture-value.pdf

Faggella D. Searching for higher ground in rough seas of emerging tech governance—a conversation with Wendell Wallach. 2018 Podcast. https://emerj.com/ai-podcast-interviews/searching-for-higher-ground-in-rough-seas-of-emerging-tech-governance-a-conversation-with-wendell-wallach/

Frost & Sullivan. From $600 m to $6 billion, artificial intelligence systems poised for dramatic market expansion in healthcare. 2016. https://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/600-m-6-billion-artificial-intelligence-systems-poised-dramatic-market-expansion-healthcare

Geetter J S, Van Demark D C. Preparing for the challenge of artificial intelligence. Hospitals & Health Networks. 2017. https://www.mwe.com/insights/preparing-for-the-challenge-of-ai/

Glaser J. Understanding artificial intelligence in healthcare. American Hospital Association. 2018. https://www.aha.org/news/insights-and-analysis/2018-01-23-understanding-artificial-intelligence-health-care

Glaser J. Artificial intelligence: The next revolution in information technology. AHA Trustee Insights. July 2018. http://trustees.aha.org/healthit/TI-0718-glaser.pdf

Gambus P, Shafer S L. Artificial intelligence for everyone. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):431-433.

Giddens A. A Magna Carta for the digital age. Washington Post. May 2, 2018.

Grace K, Salvatier J, Dafoe A, et al. Viewpoint: When will AI exceed human performance? Evidence from AI experts. J Artif Intell Res. 2018; 729-754.

Hern A. Royal Free breached UK data law in 1.6m patient deal with Google’s DeepMind. The Guardian. 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jul/03/google-deepmind-16m-patient-royal-free-deal-data-protection-act

Hashimoto D A, Rosman G, Rus D, et al. Artificial intelligence in surgery: Promises and perils. Ann Surg. 2018;268(1):70-76.

IFI Claims Patient Services. 8 fast growing technologies. 2017. https://www.ificlaims.com/rankings-8-fast-growing.htm

Jung J, Jüni P, Lebovic G, et al. First-year analysis of the operating room black box study. Ann Surg. 2018;e-pub ahead of print. https://elautoclave.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/jung.pdf

Kaafarani H M, Bertsimas D, Dunn J, et al. Surgical risk is simply not linear: Derivation and validation of a novel and interactive machine-learning Predictive OpTimization Trees in Emergency surgery Risk (POTTER) calculator. Abstract presented at the 2018 American Surgical Association annual meeting. http://meeting.americansurgical.org/abstracts/2018/18.cgi

Kendale S, Kulkarni P, Rosenberg A D, et al. Supervised machine-learning predictive analytics for prediction of postinduction hypotension. Anesthesiology. 2018;129(4):675-688.

Kumar S. The differences between machine learning and predictive analytics. Digitalist Magazine. 2018. https://www.digitalistmag.com/digital-economy/2018/03/15/differences-between-machine-learning-predictive-analytics-05977121

Lee C K, Hofer I, Gabel E, et al. Development and validation of a deep neural network model for prediction of postoperative in-hospital mortality. Anesthesiology. 2018;129:649-662.

Lee H C, Ryu H G, Chung E J, et al. Prediction of bispectral index during target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil: A deep learning approach. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):492–501.

Lineaweaver N. Cleveland Clinic has launched the Center for Clinical Artificial Intelligence. Business Insider. 2019. https://www.businessinsider.com/cleveland-clinic-artificial-intelligence-center-2019-3

Maddox T M, Rumsfeld J S, Payne P R O. Questions for artificial intelligence in health care. JAMA. 2019;321(1):31-32.

Miliard M. Use your words! Sorting through the confusing terminology of artificial intelligence. Healthcare IT News. 2018. https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/use-your-words-sorting-through-confusing-terminology-artificial-intelligence

Monsalve-Torra A, Ruiz-Fernandez D, Marin-Alonso O, et al. Using machine learning methods for predicting inhospital mortality in patients undergoing open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Biomed Inform. 2016;62:195-201.

Morse S. How health insurance companies use AI to make consumers healthier. Healthcare Finance. 2018. https://www.healthcarefinancenews.com/news/how-health-insurance-companies-use-ai-make-consumers-healthier

Muoio D. Roundup: 12 healthcare algorithms cleared by the FDA. MobiHealth News. 2018. https://www.mobihealthnews.com/content/roundup- 12-healthcare-algorithms-cleared-fda

National Academy of Medicine. Digital Learning Collaborative. June 28, 2018, meeting highlights. https://www.health-hats.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/DLC-_06282018_Meetingsummary.pdf

Orringer D A, Pandian B, Niknafs Y S, et al. Rapid intraoperative histology of unprocessed surgical specimens via fibre-laser-based stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Nat Biomed Eng. 2017;Epub. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC5612414

Panesar S, Cagle Y, Chander D, et al. Artificial intelligence and the future of surgical robotics. Ann Surg. 2019. https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Citation/ publishahead/Artificial_Intelligence_and_the_Future_of_Surgical.95173.aspx

Price W N. Artificial intelligence in health care: Applications and legal issues. 2017. University of Michigan Law School. https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2932&context=articles

ReportLinker. Artificial intelligence in healthcare market by offering technology, end-use application, end user and geography—Global forecast to 2025. https://www.reportlinker.com/p04897122/Artificial-Intelligence-in-Healthcare-Market-by-Offering-Technology-Application-End-User-Industry-and-Geography-Global-Forecast-to.html

Rodas N L, et al. A global radiation awareness system using augmented reality and Monte Carlo simulations. Poster. European Society of Radiology. 2018. https://posterng.netkey.at/esr/viewing/index.php?module=viewing_poster&task=&pi=144787&searchkey=

Royal College of Physicians. Artificial intelligence (AI) in health care. 2018. https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/artificial-intelligence-ai-health

Rubenstein A F, Zamudio S, Al-Kahn A, et al. Clinical experience with the implementation of accurate measurement of blood loss during cesarean delivery: Influences on hemorrhage recognition and allogeneic transfusion. Amer J Perinatol. 2018;35(7):655-659.

Scherer M U. Regulating artificial intelligence systems: Risks, challenges, competencies, and strategies. Harvard J Law Technology. 2016;29(2):354-400.

Shademan A, Decker R S, Opfermann J D, et al. Supervised autonomous robotic soft tissue surgery. Sci Transl Med. 2016;337:337ra64.

Siwicki B. Machine learning helps UI Health Care reduce surgical site infection by 74%, save $1.2 million. Healthcare IT News. 2018. https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/machine-learning-helps-ui-health-care-reduce-surgical-site-infection-74-save-12-million

Soguero-Ruiz C, Hindberg K, Rojo-Alvarez J L. Support vector feature selection for early detection of anastomosis leakage from bag-of-words in electronic health records. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2016;20(5):1404-1415.

Sullivan T. AI, machine learning will shatter Moore’s Law in rapid-fire pace of innovation. Healthcare IT News. 2017. https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/ai-machine-learning-will-shatter-moores-law-rapid-fire-pace-innovation

Tahsildar S. What is the difference between neural networks and deep learning? Quora. 2018. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Neural-Networks-and-Deep-Learning

Topol E. High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nature Medicine. 2019. https://www.gwern.net/docs/ai/2019-topol.pdf

Twinanda A P, et al. RSDNet: Learning to predict remaining surgery duration from laparoscopic videos without manual annotations. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2018. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8509608

Twinanda A P, Shehata S, Mutter D, et al. EndoNet: A deep architecture for recognition tasks on laparoscopic videos. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2017;36(1):86-97.

US Food and Drug Administration. Precertification (Pre-Cert) Pilot Program: Frequently asked questions. 2019. https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DigitalHealth/DigitalHealthPreCertProgram/ucm577330.htm#realworld

US Food and Drug Administration. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, on steps toward a new, tailored review framework for artificial intelligence-based medical devices. 2019. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm635083.htm

US Food and Drug Administration. Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, on the agency’s new actions under the Pre-Cert Pilot Program to promote a more efficient framework for the review of safe and effective digital health innovations. 2019. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm629306.htm

Vayena E, Blasimme A, Coehn I G. Machine learning in medicine: Addressing ethical challenges. PLOS Medicine. 2018. https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002689

Volkov M, et al. Machine learning and coresets for automated real-time video segmentation of laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

Wakefield Research. OptumIQ Annual Survey on AI in Health Care. 2019. https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/artificial-intelligence-health-care

Wallach W, ed. Control and Responsible Innovation in the Development of Autonomous Machines. Executive summary. 2018. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/wp-content/uploads/Control-and-Responsible-Innovation-EXECUTIVE-SUMMARY.pdf

Wallach W, Marchant G E. An agile ethical/legal model for the international and national governance of AI and robotics. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. 2018. http://www.aies-conference.com/2018/contents/papers/main/AIES_2018_paper_77.pdf

Wisconsin State Legislature. Assembly Bill 863. http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/proposals/ab863

Woolf M. “Paging Dr. Bot” — The emergence of AI and machine learning in healthcare. American Bar Association. 2018. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/health_law/publications/aba_health_esource/2016-2017/october2017/machinelearning/